Studies in English

Professors:  

Full Professor Branislav Stanković

Full Professor Milenko Stojković

Full Professor Miroslav Knežević

Professor Marija Božić

Professor Vesna Jakšić

Professor Dijana Risimić

Associate professor Dejan Rašić

Associate professor Aleksandra Radosavljević

Associate professor Tanja Kalezić

Associate professor Bojana Dačić Krnjaja

Associates:

Teaching assistant Aleksandra Ilić

Teaching assistant Miroslav Jeremić

Teaching assistant Mladen Bila

Teaching assistant Sanja Petrović Pajić

Teaching assistant Vesna Šobot

Course director:

Associate professor Aleksandra Radosavljević

PROGRAM OF LECTURES

1.    Introduction to Ophthalmology 

2.    Eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, tears (Detailed anatomy, histology, and physiology of the eyelids. Disorders of eyelid position and movement. Eyelid skin diseases. Eyelid margins disorders. Eyelid gland inflamations. Detailed anatomy, histology, and physiology of the lacrimal apparatus. Tear secretion and outflow. Tear film, composition, the role, tests, and disorders. Dry eye syndrome. Disorders of the secretory part of the lacrimal apparatus. Disorders of the excretory part of the lacrimal apparatus. Neonatal dacryocistitis.)

3.    Conjunctiva, cornea, sclera (Detailed anatomy, histology, and physiology of the conjunctiva. Red eye syndrome. Bacterial conjunctivitis. Chlamydial conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis. Degenerative disorders of the conjunctiva. Detailed anatomy, histology, and physiology of the cornea. Semiology of pathological corneal findings. Keratitis classification and characteristics of different types. Disorders of corneal diameter and curvature. Corneal dystrophies. Corneal degenerations. Keratoplasty. Detailed anatomy, histology, and physiology of the sclera. Episcleritis. Scleritis).

4.    Uveal tract (Detailed anatomy, histology, and physiology of the uveal tract. Congenital anomalies of the uvea. Uveitis - clasification. Anterior uveitis. Intermediate uveitis. Posterior uveitis. Panuveitis. Pupillary reactions to light and accommodation. Pathological changes if the pupil.)

5.    Lens, vitreous (Detailed anatomy, histology, and physiology of the lens. Embryology of the lens. Disorders of lens position. Cataract. Aphakia. Pseudophakia. Cataract operation)

6.    Retina (Detailed anatomy, histology, and physiology of the retina. Normal appearance of fundus oculi. Disorders of macula. Retinal detachment. Retinal tumors. Age-related macular degeneration.)

7.    Glaucoma (Glaucoma definition and classification. Glaucoma risk factors. Primary glaucomas. Secondary glaucomas. Congenital glaucomas. Glaucoma therapy - medications, lasers, and surgery. The social aspect of glaucoma)

8.     Strabismus (Detailed anatomy, histology, and physiology of the extraocular muscles. Oculomotor balance and disorders. Sensory component of oculomotor balance. Disorders in the development of binocular vision. Ambliopy. Concomitant strabismus. Paralytical strabismus. Nystagmus. Hess-Lancaster test)

9.     Orbit (Detailed anatomy of the orbit. Position of the eyeball in orbit. Orbital inflammatory disorders. Dysthyroid ophthalmopathy.)

10.   Tumors (The most common benign and malignant tumors of the eyelids, conjunctiva, orbit, intraocular, and optic nerve tumors will be presented. Their main clinical characteristics and treatment modalities will be discussed).  

11.    Neuro-ophthalmology (Detailed anatomy, histology, and physiology of the optic nerve and optical pathway. Inflammations of the optical nerve. Papilla stagnans. Atrophy of the optical nerve. Lesions of the optical pathway)

12.    Ocular disorders associated with systemic diseases (Hypertension. Diabetes mellitus. Phakomatoses. Reumathological diseases. MS and other neurological diseases. Hematological disorders. Herpes zoster. AIDS.)

13.    Trauma (Mechanical injuries. Chemical injuries. Phototrauma. First aid in ophthalmology - basic principles.)

14.    Optics and refraction (Basis of refraction. Refractory anomalies. Accommodation. Disorders of accommodation. Presbiopy. Correction of refractory anomalies.)

15.    Causes and prevention of visual loss. Inherited eye disorders.

PRACTICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY

1.    Introduction to ocular examination (Basis of anamnesis in ophthalmology. Basical ophthalmological examination)

2.    Practice with patients (examination of the lids and lacrimal apparatus )

3.    Practice with patients (examination of the cornea, conjunctiva, and tear film)

4.    Practice with patients (examination of the anterior chamber, iris, pupil)

5.    Practice with patients (examination of the lens and vitreous)

6.    Ocular fundus examination

7.    Optics and refraction (visual acuity, keratometry, refractometry, contact lenses)

8.    Seminar on refractive errors (prepared by students)

9.     Strabology (bulbar motility, cover-uncover test, diplopia testing)

10.   Ocular emergencies (seminar prepared by students)

11.    Test on ocular emergencies

12. Specialized ophthalmologic examinations (pachymetry, perimetry, gonioscopy, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, fluorescein angiography, Amsler grid, ultrasound in ophthalmology, color vision testing, electrophysiologic testing)

13.    Ocular surgery - video I (operations of the eyelids, orbit, lacrimal apparatus, strabismus)

14.   Ocular surgery - video II (cataract, glaucoma operations, keratoplasty, scleral buckling, vitrectomy)

15.   Causes of blindness and low vision (seminar prepared by students)

The final grade in ophthalmology will be formed as a sum of points from:

1. colloquium on ocular emergencies  (test with 20 points max)
2. attendance and activity at practicals (10 points max)
3. the practical part of the final exam (20 points max)
4. final test (50 points max)

The colloquium on ocular emergencies will be held at the end of December, as stated in the curriculum. The test will have 20 single-choice questions. Every correct answer will account for 1 point.  (20 points max).

The attendance and activity at practicals will be assessed by the assistants at the end of the semester (10 points max).

FINAL EXAM:

In the practical part of the final exam, the student will be asked 2 questions (each has a maximum of 10 points):

1. either to demonstrate a skill (eyelid eversion, examination of lacrimal gland, examination of lacrimal sac, tear film examination, eyeball motility, intraocular pressure measurement, cover-uncover test, confrontation visual field, corneal reflex, pupillary response to light and accommodation, examination of red reflex)
2. or to answer on important clinical characteristics (like causes of red eye, causes of a painful eye, causes of acute decrease in vision, causes of eyeball proptosis, or how to act in cases of ocular trauma (mechanical trauma, chemical trauma, light trauma, etc).

The final test in Ophthalmology will have 50 single-choice questions. Every correct answer will account for 1 point.

Ophthalmology Exam consists of practical exam and final exam (test) - see grading policy.

1. Basic Ophthalmology: Essentials for Medical Students, 10th Ed. American Academy of Ophthalmology.

2. Vaughan &Asbury's General Ophthalmology 19th Edition by Paul Riordan-Eva, Emmet T. Cunningham

Students are obligated to attend 50% of lectures and 90% practicals. A student can compensate for missed classes (for justified reasons) by attending an emergency clinic or preparing a presentation on the topic he/she has missed. All the abovementioned is done in arrangement with a teaching assistant. Students who attend all forms of classes do gain credits, which further affects the final grade - the more credits, the higher the final grade.

For the purpose of geting the better overwiev into attendance to the practical classes and the dynamic of learning skills, students and teaching assistants are obligated to fill in the tables of core knowledge.

At the first class of the Ophthalmology course, a hard copy of the detailed Timetable of classes including the information on the Colloquium (material to be covered by colloquium with the calendar) and the Grading Policy will be presented. The same will be posted on the School website (med.bg.ac.rs - click on - "Studies in English").

Closing Semester. At the end of the course, a student must collect in his/her Index the signatures from the Course Director.

Applying for exam.  Students apply for the exam by filling in the application ("ИСПИТНА ПРИЈАВА" in Serbian) and submitting it. Application - ИСПИТНА ПРИЈАВА can be dropped in the box in front of the Office for Student Affairs any time but before the deadline. For each examination period, the deadline for application submission will be posted. Only students who "closed" the semester can take the exam.

Research topics

Course director: 

Associate professor Aleksandra Radosavljević
alexandra.radosavljevic@gmail.com or aleksandra.radosavljevic@med.bg.ac.rs

Secretary: 

Ms Ljubica Stanković

011-2688-997